At the end of the 3rd century AD, the Limes was abandoned and the Roman military and administration withdrew to the areas on the left bank of the Rhine. After almost 150 years, the Rhine once again marked the border of the Roman Empire. The period between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD was particularly dynamic in the Rhine-Main region, with settlement demolitions, increased migration and far-reaching transformation processes. Wiesbaden, on the other hand, remained the only settlement in the former Limes hinterland apart from Mainz-Kastel and thus occupies a special position, as evidenced by the early Christian gravestones from the city area, among other things. The lecture offers an insight into the political and social upheavals of late antiquity in the Rhine-Main region and highlights the special role of Wiesbaden in this eventful era.