A chapel was first mentioned on 15.05.1251. It was dedicated to St. Nicholas and became an independent parish church in 1310. In 1655, Medenbach and the associated Wildsachsen were a branch of Breckenheim. The separation did not take place until 1984. The Reformation was introduced in 1526 under Philip the Magnanimous. During the Thirty Years' War, the village was destroyed in 1638 apart from one house and the Romanesque church tower. Between 1720 and 1724, a new baroque hall church was built and the remaining tower was renovated.

The court, which was first mentioned in 1300, met in front of the church. It was presided over by the Schultheiß, who was appointed by the Lords of Eppstein. He exercised the power of commandment and criminal law. In 1368 and 1375, the Schultheiß was assisted by 16 dingleutes and five aldermen. The Mechtildshausen district court was responsible for blood jurisdiction. The first court seal is known to date from 1721, although it is still a lettering. From 1729, the court seal shows St. Michael with a sword in his right hand and scales in his left.

Viticulture was an important branch of the economy in the late Middle Ages. The vineyards were owned by the Bleidenstadt monastery and were cultivated by Breckenheim workers. The mass wine for the Bleidenstadt monastery was produced here. After the Thirty Years' War, however, viticulture declined, but continued until 1927, when a phylloxera infestation destroyed the vines. From 1893 to 1926, white grapes were grown, which were processed into Riesling and Österreicher. The marc from the red grapes was used to dye the wine.

From the 17th century onwards, the inhabitants tried to improve the depressing economic situation by growing tobacco and fruit, producing fruit vinegar, sheep farming and trading in wool. A sheep farm is mentioned for the first time in 1570. Two mills are recorded for Breckenheim from 1492. One of the mills, the so-called Gerbermühle, which is located between Wallau and Breckenheim, still exists today. In 1614 there was a sheep farm which, together with one of the mills, was lent to a Frankfurt post administrator by Landgrave Moritz. An oil mill, the Klingenmühle, was built in 1745 and operated until 1900. The "Lochmühle", a grain mill, existed from 1846 to 1894. Breckenheim also had a lime kiln, which later became a brickworks. Due to the Palatinate War of Succession, it was not possible to fire here in 1689.

Breckenheim remained a farming village until the 1950s, but agriculture was no longer the main source of income for the inhabitants. More and more Breckenheim residents turned to tailoring and, above all, the building trade. Around 1700, there were already tailors, shoemakers, shoemakers, linen weavers and dyers. Breckenheim also had a smithy, there were millers, bakers, butchers, a brewer, master saddlers, carpenters and miners. Around 1777 there were also bag makers and in 1799 buckle makers. Milk deliveries to the nearby spa town were an additional source of income.

In 1592, Breckenheim had 43 houses with 160 inhabitants. Many people fell victim to the Thirty Years' War and the plague, and the village had only eight inhabitants in 1638. The village was almost completely destroyed. By 1677, around 30 families had returned to Breckenheim.

In 1665, we hear about the school situation for the first time. In this year, the parish priest demanded money for the salary of a schoolmaster. From 1683, the schoolroom was located in an old tithe barn. Until then, children had to go to school in Wallau. The schoolroom was also the home of the schoolmaster Johann Jakob Wagner. The building was dilapidated, so in 1733 the community declared that a new school building was urgently needed.

With the introduction of compulsory education in 1755, a qualified teacher took over the teaching for the first time. This teacher also acted as organist, sexton and bell ringer. A second teaching post was created in 1845. A new school was built on the Mönchacker in 1938. The old school from the 18th century served as the town hall until 1966. The building was demolished in 1967.

Breckenheim had a comparatively large Jewish population: in 1794 it amounted to around 5%. In 1843, 32 out of 707 inhabitants were Jewish. The Jewish residents of Langenhain, Medenbach and Wildsachsen also belonged to the Breckenheim religious community, which had existed since 1772. When the minimum number of community members could no longer be raised, the community merged with that of Wallau in 1905.

There were 24 casualties in the First World War, for which a memorial was erected in front of the church in 1923 after the French occupation withdrew. The community survived the Second World War largely unscathed. 64 Breckenheim residents were killed and missing.

After the Second World War, the population grew considerably due to the influx of displaced persons (1939: 826 inhabitants; 1946: 1065 inhabitants; 1950: 1142 inhabitants). In the 1960s, Breckenheim became a preferred residential community. Large building areas were designated for people from Wiesbaden, Mainz and Frankfurt who wanted to build, initially "Auf der Ahl" and in the "Die Weinberge" area, later "Prügelwiese" and "Prügelgärten" were added. A multi-purpose building to house the town hall, the fire station and seven apartments was built in 1965. By 1980, the population had tripled. In 2014, Breckenheim had around 3,300 inhabitants.

In 1750, Breckenheim obtained a better water supply by drilling nine wells. Wells, including a community well, had already existed since 1698. In 1709, the wells in front of the church, the upper well and the Mönchbrunnen in Mönchgasse 6 were created. After many petitions, a new rectory was built in 1804. Breckenheim was connected to the electricity grid in 1911. The local roads and the road to Igstadt were extended from the 1830s onwards. From 1927, there was a municipal omnibus line from Breckenheim to Bierstadt, from where it was possible to take the electric streetcar to Wiesbaden. In 1928/29, the village received a modern water supply.

The first clubs were founded in the village in the 1880s: the "Eintracht" choral society in 1885, the Breckenheim gymnastics club in 1890, the poultry breeding club in 1907, the fire department club in 1910, the Solidarität cycling club in 1912 and the "Frohsinn" choral society in 1922.

In the 1960s, the village was given a coat of arms based on the old court seal, which depicts a vertical silver sword with a golden handle and golden scales in red. In 1974, the municipal authorities decided that Breckenheim should be incorporated into Wiesbaden. On 21.06.1974, the Hessian state parliament approved this request and the incorporation took place on 01.01.1977.

[This text was created in 2017 by Dr. Brigitte Streich and Lydia Schwarzloh for the printed version of the Wiesbaden City Dictionary and revised and supplemented in 2025].